Methods
Collection pictures taken in 2000 from the Kazakstan trip made by Rich Hannan, Stephanie Greene, A. Khusainov, A. Afonin, and N. Dzyubenko.
Collection pictures taken in 2006 from the Tajikistan trip by Barbara Hellier, Kenneth Street, Zebuniso Muminshoeva, Farkhod Kosimov, Shakhlo Safarzoda, John Sheppard, Natalya Rukhkyan and Sergey Shuvalov.
Tajikistan collection trip map.
Collection pictures taken in 2010 from Morocco collection trip for wild Beta
Lactuca serriola was planted on Oct. 23, 2008 in the greenhouse or in a bubble house at Pullman, Washington.
Greenhouse conditions: day length 14 hours, combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights. Day temperature of 70 F., night temperature of 60 F.
Bubble house conditions: day length 12 hours from 11/5/2008 to 1/12/2009 and 16 hours from 1/12/2009 up to harvest. Day temperature 75 F., night temperature 55 F.
Lactuca data taken in 2008 in Pullman, Washington on accessions planted for seed increase. Some planted in the field and others in the greenhouse.
Data taken from Lactuca accessions grown for regeneration in 2009 at Pullman, Washington
Descriptor data taken at Salinas, California in 2010
Descriptor data taken at Salinas, California in 2010
Descriptor data taken at Salinas, California in 2010
Descriptor data taken at Salinas, California in 2010
Descriptor data taken at Salinas, California in 2010
Descriptor data taken at Salinas, California in 2010
Data taken from Lactuca accessions grown for regeneration in 2011 at Pullman, Washington
Data taken in Pullman, Washington on the original seed from the 2015 Lactuca collection in Azerbaijan.
Data taken from Lactuca accessions grown for regeneration in 2015 at Pullman, Washington
Data taken from Lactuca accessions grown for regeneration in 2016 at Pullman, Washington
Head type data from Dr. Ed Ryder, Salinas, California. Dr. Ryder sent Pullman, WA what he called heirloom lettuce on 1/7/2000. Head type data came with the seed. Seed packets came to Pullman without accessions numbers. The name on the packet was matched with current plant name already in the NPGS whenever possible. Ed Ryder's definition of heirloom is it appeared on list in 1922 or before.
Image taken by William Waycott at Salinas, California. Seed planted is most likely not from Pullman, Washington(W6).
Old data taken over many years in Pullman, Washington. Most came from the 1960's and 1970's
Information received from the passport data when the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) received this accession.
Lactuca data taken in 2008 in Pullman, Washington on accessions planted for seed increase. Some planted in the field and others in the greenhouse.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) breeding lines (RH12-3194, RH12-3195, RH12-3196, RH12-3197, RH12-3198, RH12-3199, RH12-3200, and RH12-3201) grown in a Salinas, CA field experiment with the check cultivars Salinas, Salinas 88, Silverado, and Tiber.
Lettuce was direct seeded on May 15, 2013 on raised beds 1 m wide by 25 cm high with two parallel seed lines separated by 28 cm. Each breeding line or cultivar was seeded to 9 meter long plots using both seed lines on that section of bed. Plots were thinned 4 weeks after seeding to achieve a spacing of 28 cm between plants within a seed line. Each breeding line or cultivar was grown in up to three replicate plots. All trials were grown to maturity using standard cultural practices appropriate for the Salinas Valley of California.
Mention of cultivar names in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture..
Field descriptor file.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) breeding lines (RH12-3194, RH12-3195, RH12-3196, RH12-3197, RH12-3198, RH12-3199, RH12-3200, and RH12-3201) grown in a Salinas, CA field experiment with the check cultivars Salinas, Silverado, and Tiber.
Lettuce was direct seeded on April 15, 2014 on raised beds 1 m wide by 25 cm high with two parallel seed lines separated by 28 cm. Each breeding line or cultivar was seeded to 6 meter long plots using both seed lines on that section of bed. Plots were thinned 4 weeks after seeding to achieve a spacing of 28 cm between plants within a seed line. Each breeding line or cultivar was grown in up to three replicate plots. All trials were grown to maturity using standard cultural practices appropriate for the Salinas Valley of California.
Mention of cultivar names in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Field descriptor file.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) breeding lines RH12-3194 and RH12-3199 grown in a Salinas, CA field experiment with the check cultivars Salinas and El Dorado.
Lettuce was direct seeded on June 1, 2013 on raised beds 1 m wide by 25 cm high with two parallel seed lines separated by 28 cm. Each breeding line or cultivar was seeded to a 7.6 meter long plot using a single seed lines on that section of bed. Plots were thinned 4 weeks after seeding to achieve a spacing of 28 cm between plants within a seed line. All trials were grown to maturity using standard cultural practices appropriate for the Salinas Valley of California.
Mention of cultivar names in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Field descriptor file.
Seed images taken from the original seed collected in Armenia in 2009. Images are 1600 pixels in size.
Seed color taken from accessions received from Ed Ryder in Salinas, California. These are new Lactuca accessions to the National Plant Germplasm System.
Seed color taken in 2015 from the distribution inventory lot in February, 2015.
If the inventory lot had just one seed color then the frequency field (percentage) was mark at 100 percent
If the inventory lot had more than one seed color then it was marked mixed (code = MX) and the percentage of each color was put in the comment field. Example: white 60%, brown 40%
Seed color taken from accessions increased in Pullman, Washington
100 seed weight at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman Washington, USA
Descriptor data for the Lettuce single plant special collection was collected during the growing season at the WRPIS Central Ferry, WA farm in 2011 and 2012. The nurseries were direct seeded May 25, 2011 and May 8, 2012. The nurseries were sprinkler irrigated until emergence and then drip irrigation was used. Seed sown was from single plants.
Genomic DNA (250 ng per sample) was used as template for SNP genotyping that was carried out in the UC Davis Genome Center. The Illumina's custom VeraCode GoldenGate Genotyping Kits (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA), were used to simultaneously genotype 384 loci in a single well of a standard 96-well microplate. The scanned data from BeadXpress Reader were analyzed with the Illumina's GenomeStudio (Version 1.0) software to generate genotype data for individual accessions using the automatic allele call feature. Manual re-clustering of homozygous and heterozygous clusters for some SNPs was performed when obvious error were observed in the automatic clustering. SNP markers are biallelic dominant markers. Each marker was scored for each sample: A, T, G, and C.
For a .xlsx file of the SNP data
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) breeding lines (RH12-3194, RH12-3195, RH12-3197, RH12-3198, RH12-3199, and RH12-3200) grown in a Spreckels, CA field experiment with the check cultivars Pacific, Salinas, and Tiber.
Lettuce was direct seeded on February 4, 2014 on raised beds 1 m wide by 25 cm high with two parallel seed lines separated by 28 cm. Each breeding line or cultivar was seeded to 6 meter long plots using both seed lines on that section of bed. Plots were thinned 4 weeks after seeding to achieve spacing of 28 cm between plants within a seed line. Each breeding line or cultivar was grown in up to three replicate plots. All trials were grown to maturity using standard cultural practices appropriate for the Salinas Valley of California.
Mention of cultivar names in this document is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture..
Field descriptor file.
Verticillium wilt resistance was assessed using greenhouse grown plants inoculated with V. dahliae isolate VdLs17, a highly aggressive race 2 isolate. The isolate was prepared and maintained according to Vallad et al. (2006). Seeds of each cultivar were sown in 200-well plug trays, incubated at 10 degrees C in the dark for 48 hours in a growth chamber, and then germinated at 20 degrees C with a 16-hour photoperiod. Seedlings were inoculated at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after sowing by saturating the soil in each plug tray well with a 3-ml suspension containing 2 x 106 conidia/ml in sterile, distilled water. Seedlings were incubated for another 1 to 2 weeks after the third inoculation and transplanted into 0.5 L foam-insulated cups filled with a pasteurized sand:potting soil mixture (3:1 v/v). All replicated experiments used a randomized complete block design with three blocks and five plants per block per accession. Unreplicated experiments used ten plants per accessions, and were transplanted in alpha-numerical order based on the accession number. Inoculated and non-inoculated plants of the cultivar Salinas 88 were included in each replicated and unreplicated experiment for each population as a susceptible control; inoculated plants of the cultivar La Brillante were included in replicated experiments for each population as a race-1 resistant control. Plants were maintained until flowering, and then evaluated for disease incidence (DI, proportion of symptomatic plants). Plants were uprooted, roots were cleaned of soil and cut longitudinally to evaluate for the presence of root discoloration and foliar symptoms typical of Verticillium wilt. Crown and stem sections (approximately 1 to 2 inches long) of non-symptomatic plants were sampled and plated on semi-selective NP-10 medium (Kabir et al., 2004) to determine the presence or absence of the pathogen. This was conducted only with accessions having less than approximately 20% DI within each experiment. Stems from symptomatic plants, as well as non-symptomatic uninoculated plants were collected and plated as positive and negative controls. Up to six cross sections of each plant stem sample were plated, and identification of V. dahliae from at least one section was interpreted as a positive result (infected) for that plant.
Selection for Verticillium wilt resistance was conducted in two independent populations of accessions (populations A and B). Each population was comprised of randomly selected Plant Introductions (PI) which are part of the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) in Pullman, WA. The source of the seeds used in these experiments came from a working collection of the WRPIS genebank maintained at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States Agriculture Research Station in Salinas, CA.
Experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in a V. dahliae-infested field located near Watsonville, CA. The field has a history of Verticillium wilt on lettuce, with an average microsclerotia count of over 60 microsclerotia g of soil (G. E. Vallad and K. V. Subbarao, unpublished data). Cultivars were direct seeded on 7 May 2004 as a randomized complete block design with four replications. See article in Plant Dis. 91:439-445 for more details.
Seed used for this test came from Salinas, California
Seeds were first germinated at 10 degrees C in the dark for 48 hours in a growth chamber, and grown at 20 degrees C with a 16-hour photoperiod. Seedlings were inoculated at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after sowing by saturating the soil in each plug tray well with a 3-ml suspension containing 2 x 106 conidia/ml in sterile, distilled water. Seedlings were incubated for another 1 to 2 weeks after the third inoculation and transplanted into 0.5 L foam-insulated cups filled with a pasteurized sand:potting soil mixture (3:1 v/v). When all plants within a PI had reached flowering, plants were uprooted, roots were cleaned of soil and cut longitudinally to evaluate disease severity (DS) by rating root discoloration on a 0 - 5 scale where 0 = no vascular discoloration, 1 = 1 to 25% of the vascular tissue exhibiting discoloration; 2 = 26% to 50%; 3 = 51% to 75%; and 4 = 76% to 100% discoloration in the absence of foliar symptoms; and 5 = 100% discoloration and the presence of foliar symptoms typical of Verticillium wilt. Plants with less than 100% root discoloration and foliar symptoms were not observed since the disease progress acropetally. Plants with DS greater than 1 were considered symptomatic, and the disease incidence (proportion symptomatic plants) was calculated as the sum of plants with DS > 1 divided by the total plants evaluated. Root and crown tissues of inoculated and non-inoculated plants were periodically sampled and placed on a potato dextrose agar medium to confirm the presence or absence of the pathogen.
Images of plants grown in Greenhouse 3 for increase. Seed was started between 4/9 and 4/23/2012. Plants transplanted to soil between 4/20 and 5/31/2012 and grown under long days at approx. 78F day/60F night temperatures.
Images of plants grown in Greenhouse 3 for increase. Seed was started 12/6/2011. Plants transplanted to soil 12/19/2011 and grown under long days at approx. 78F day/60F night temperatures.
Images of plants grown for seed increase in the West Whitlow field at WSU, Pullman, WA. Nursery was established 5/24/2012 using seedlings started in the greenhouse. Seed were started 4/9/2012.