SPINACH

Observations from greenhouse-grown plants in 2003, fall, by David Brenner.

Observations from greenhouse-grown plants in 2014, winter, by David Brenner and Samuel Flomo. Most of the images were taken by Sam Flomo.

Observations from greenhouse-grown plants in 2015, winter, by David Brenner and Samuel Flomo. Most of the images were taken by Sam Flomo.

From an official list of accessions used in virus indexing. The list was distributed from the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, in Fort Collins, Colorado, in 1999.

Observation extracted from the seed inventory records in GRIN. The inventory for these crops is maintained by the seed storage staff at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station.

Observations by David M. Brenner on spinach grown for seed increase at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, Iowa, in 2016.

Observations by David M. Brenner on spinach grown for seed increase at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, Iowa, in 2017.

Observations by David M. Brenner on spinach grown for seed increase at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, Iowa, in 2018.

Observations on spinach seed traits and seed scans, Ames, Iowa, in 2020. Determined from samples of 200 seeds from distribution seed lots. By Hailey Bryson and Kiara Kappelman, supervised by David Brenner and Samuel Flomo.

Michael A. Grusak, Ph.D., USDA-ARS Plant Physiologist, Associate Professor, Dept. of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030-2600,http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/cnrc/faculty/grusak.htm More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.

Images taken close-up, often magnified to show details for species identification.

Images taken in the field in Ames, Iowa at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station.

Images taken in the green house in Ames, Iowa at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station.

Images taken where the germplasm is native, especially collection locations.

Germination rate under Pythium inoculation (P. aphanidermatum Yuma isolate) and normal condition in 176 spinach accessions. Two reps of germination rate under Pythium inoculation as a percent of two reps of germination rate in normal conditions. RDI (relative disease index) (100* germination rate under disease stress / germination rate control). The 'Viroflay' check variety RDI = 8.84. Data provided by Ainong Shi, University of Arkansas, in 2023. Shi, A., J. Correll, and Gehendra Bhattarai, “Evaluation and Association Analysis of resistance to Pythium on USDA Spinach Germplasm” from USDA Germplasm Evaluation grant 58-5030-0-047, 08/01/2020 – 08/31/2022, a total of $24,500.

Sun, Zhaofa Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Science. The seeds were planted March 12, 2013 in a greenhouse and the seedlings were later transplanted into a field.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in pots in fall 2001. Ten plants were observed per accession. The evaluation was planted from GRIN order number 137558. .

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted by Sakata Inc. in 2008, transplanted, and harvested in early 2009. From GRIN order number 192819.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted by Sakata Inc. in 2009, transplanted, and harvested in early 2010. From GRIN order number 205583.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted Aug. 30, 2011 by Sakata Inc., transplanted Sept 30, 2011, and harvested Feb 13, 2012. From GRIN order number 225302.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted 2019 and harvested in the spring of 2019.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted September 2019 and harvested in the spring of 2020.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted 2020 and harvested in the spring of 2021.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted 2021 and harvested in the spring of 2022.

USDA-ARS in Salinas,CA by Beiquan Mou. The plants were grown in the soil floors of isolation chambers. Planted 2022 and harvested in the spring of 2023.

Stemphylium vesicarium leaf spot disease incidence. Germplasm accessions and commercial spinach cultivars were evaluated with Sb-1-St001 isolate of S. vesicarium in the greenhouse at the University of Arkansas. Shi, A. and J. Correll, “Evaluation and Association Analysis of Leaf Spot Resistance for USDA Spinach Germplasm” from USDA Germplasm Evaluation grant 58-5030-9-051, 7/1/2019-6/30/2021, a total of $19.380.

Ainong Shi, Gehendra Bhattarai, Haizheng Xiong, Carlos A Avila, Chunda Feng, Bo Liu, Vijay Joshi, Larry Stein, Beiquan Mou, Lindsey J du Toit, James C Correll, Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of white rust resistance in USDA GRIN spinach germplasm, Horticulture Research, Volume 9, 2022, uhac069, https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac069 This research was supported by USDA-SCRI grant 2017- 51181-26830, USDA-AMS SCMP grant 16SCCMAR0001, USDA-SCMP Grant #TX-SCM-17-04, USDA Germplasm Evaluation grant 58-2090-8-053 and 58-5030-6-076, USDA NIFA HATCH project ARK0VG2018, ARK02440, TEX1026646, and TEX09647, grants from Pop Vriend Seeds, Rijk Zwaan, and Sakata seed companies, and a grant from Texas Spinach Producers Board Fund.