Narrative
Per Galet (see citation): "Growing tip: flat, shephard's crook, felty, white with pink traces. Young leaves: felty, yellowish, becoming shiny and thin. Leaf: very large, orbicular 135-3-58, lateral sinuses 54 with narrow bases, contorted, very crimped at the petiolar junction, shiny, thick, cobwebby tufts below; U-shaped petiolar sinus; teeth pointed, narrow, large. Shoot: clear green, light brown streaks, cobwebby at tip, bulging nodes; tendrils large, strong. Cane: clear brown, very striated (streaked), bloom covering, vigorous, hard wood, very prominent nodes of darker color; buds large, conical. Cluster: medium-large, cylindrical-conical, compact, winged, woody peduncle; berries, medium, round or nearly round, 15mm, black, thick skinned. There are many secondary clusters on the lateral shoots, especialy after summer pruning. Growth habit: upright...Carignane is a vigorous varitey whose upright growth habit allows it to be grown without a trellis. If it is cane rather than spur pruned, special care must be taken to avoid overcropping. Budbreak is late and maturity is late, limiting its cultivation to southern regions with long growing seasons". Per Unknown source: "[Carignan] was first isolated around the town of Carinena in the province of Aragon in northeast Spain...The thick skinned Carignan produces deep-coloured wines, relatively high in alcohol, extract and tannin...Soils: performs relatively well on very fine and poor soils. Vigour: very high on very fertile soils. Pruning: Usually very generous. Its upright growth precludes the need for trellising. Cane pruning may lead to overcropping. Secondary crops are common on shoots. Susceptibility: high, especially to fungus diseases. Very susceptible to both sorts of mildew, especially powdery mildew, and to grey rot and grape berry moth."