Details for: PI 222838, Spinacia oleracea L., Esfenaj


Summary Data
Taxonomy:
Spinacia oleracea L.
Top Name:
Esfenaj
Origin:
Collected – Iran
Received by NPGS:
29 Dec 1954
PI Assigned:
1954
Form Received:
Seed
Availability
FormQuantityNoteInventoryCart
Seed100 countPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
 
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SEED

Core Passport Data
Taxonomy:
Spinacia oleracea L.
Top Name:
Esfenaj
Origin:
Collected – Iran
Received by NPGS:
29 Dec 1954
PI Assigned:
1954
Form Received:
Seed
Source History
Collected
November 1954.
Iran
Locality: Market-Tabriz
Coordinates: 38.0833, 46.3000 (Map it)

Collector(s):
Donated
29 December 1954.
Maryland, United States
Comment: Collected November, 1954.
Donor(s):
Accession Names and Identifiers
Esfenaj
Type: Local name

Cornell ID #2
Type: Institute identifier
Group: CORNELL.CEA.SPINACH
Cornell Spinach Data 2001.
Johnson Rutzke, Corinne Cornell University

Smith 1494
Type: Collector identifier

Narrative
Spinacia oleracea L.
Genus:
Spinacia
Family:
Chenopodiaceae
Subfamily:
Chenopodioideae
Tribe:
Anserineae
Nomen number:

35256
Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 2:1027. 1753
Verified:
03/11/2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Spinacia oleracea L. var. oleracea

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Spinacia inermis Moench
Spinacia spinosa Moench

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Spinacia oleracea L. var. inermis (Moench) Peterm.

Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishspinach  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Frenchépinard  2Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:266.
GermanSpinat  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Indiapinni  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italianspinacio  2International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmajihorenso  2Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
Portugueseespinafre  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishespinaca  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedishspenat  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinesebo cai  2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Koreansigeumchi  2Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:372.
Annotations
Other Links
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Pathogens
Vouchers
Citations
  • Awika, H. O., K. Cochran, V. Joshi, R. Bedre, K. K. Mandadi, & C. A. Avila. 2019. Single-marker and haplotype-based association analysis of anthracnose (Collectotrichum dematium) resistance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Pl. Breed. (New York) 139:402-418. DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12773. Number of accessions cited: 272
  • Awika, H. O., T. G. Marconi, R. Bedre, K. K. Mandadi, & C. A. Avila. 2019. Minor alleles are associated with white rust (Albugo occidentalis) susceptibility in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Hort. Res. (London) 6:129. DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0214-7. Number of accessions cited: 250
  • Gyawali, S., Bhattarai, G., Correll, J.C. et al. 2025. Genome wide association study of Fusarium wilt resistance in Spinacia turkestanica. Nature 15, 15486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98932-x. Number of accessions cited: 15
  • Shi, Ainong, Gehendra Bhattarai, Haizheng Xiong, Carlos A. Avila, Chunda Feng, Bo Liu, Vijay Joshi, Larry Stein, Beiquan Mou, Lindsey J. du Toit, & J. C. Correll. 2022. Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of white rust resistance in USDA GRIN spinach germplasm. Hort. Res. 9:uhac069. DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac069. Note: ISSN 2052-7276 (online) Number of accessions cited: 115
  • Shi, Ainong, Jun Qin, Beiquan Mou, J. Correll, Yuejin Weng, D. Brenner, Chunda Feng, D. Motes, Wei Yang, Lingdi Dong, G. Bhattarai, & W. Ravelombola. 2017. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of spinach by single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genotyping-by-sequencing. PLoS One 12(11):e0188745. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188745 . Number of accessions cited: 265
Pedigree

Observations

Phenotype Data

CategoryDescriptorDescriptionValueSample SizeStudyInventoryAvailability
CHEMICALCALCIUMCalcium concentration in the leaf (ppm)79796More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALCOPPERCopper concentration in the leaf (ppm)6.876More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALIRONIron concentration in the leaf (ppm)64.776More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALMAGNESIUMMagnesium concentration in the leaf (ppm)83556More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALMANGANESEManganese concentration in the leaf (ppm)40.216More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALMOLYBDENUMMolybdenum concentration in the leaf (ppm)2.76More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALNICKELNickel concentration in the leaf (ppm).466More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALPHOSPHORUSPhosphorus concentration in the leaf (ppm)59026More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
CHEMICALZINCZinc concentration in the leaf (ppm)81.166More information on Grusak's Sampling and Experimental design (a .doc file)>/a.">SPINACH.MINERALS.2003.GRUSAKPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
DISEASEWHITE-RUSTWhite rust resistance scale. The lower numbers are most resistant. See Horticulture Research, 2022, 9: uhac069 https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac0693.0 SPINACH.WHITE-RUST.2022 Not Available
DISEASESTEMPHYLIUMResistance of spinach germplasm to Stemphylium vesicarium leaf spot. Leaf spot disease severity scored between 7 to 16 days of inoculation on a scale of 0 to 4 where 0 = no symptoms on leaves; 1 = 1 – 25% leaf area infected; 2 = 26 – 50% leaf area infected; 3 = 51 – 75% leaf area infected; and 4 = 76 – 100% leaf area infected.4.00 SPINACH.STEMPHYLIUM.Sb-1-St001.ISOLATE.2023 Not Available
GROWTHTALLNESS IN CM, BEFORE BOLTINGTallness of the leaves in cm. Measured at maturity for harvest as a vegetable, before the flowering stalk emerges. The leaves are held up and measured from the soil to the tallest leaf point.8.310SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYCOLORING AT THE BASEColoring at the base of the petioles.RED - Red, any red or rose color.10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYLEAF BLADE SHADE OF GREENThe shade of green of the leaf blade.medium-green - medium-green10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYLEAF SURFACE, SAVOY TO FLATLeaf blade surface texture, savoy (wrinkled) to flat.2_semi-flat - Semi-flat leaf blade.10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYLEAF ERECTNESSErectness of the leaves.SEMI - The leaves are semi-upright.10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYLEAF BLADE SHAPELeaf blade shapes.2TEETH - Oakleaf shape with a tooth on each side of the blade.10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYLEAF BLADE SHAPELeaf blade shapes.4TEETH - Oakleaf shape with two teeth on each side of the blade.10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYLEAF BLADE SHAPELeaf blade shapes.OVATE - Broadest at the base end of the blade, egg shaped.10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYSEEDS WITH SPINES, FREQUENCYThe percentage of seeds with spines more than 2 mm long in a sample of seeds. This distinguishes seeds with spines from round seeds.35200SPINACH.AMES.2020.SEEDPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
MORPHOLOGYSEEDS IN CLUSTERS, FREQUENCYThe percentage of combined seeds and seed units (clusters), in seed units of 2 or more seeds.2200SPINACH.AMES.2020.SEEDPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
PHENOLOGYFLOWERING STALK EMERGENCERelative time to bolting. 10SPINACH.SALINAS.2001PI 222838 00ncei01 SD
PRODUCTIONHUNDRED SEED WEIGHTThe weight in grams of 100 seeds. Taken from the hundred seed weights in the GRIN inventory..62 NC7.INVENTORY.BRENNERPI 222838 55ncai01 SDNot Available
PRODUCTIONHUNDRED SEED WEIGHTThe weight in grams of 100 seeds. Taken from the hundred seed weights in the GRIN inventory..64 NC7.INVENTORY.BRENNERPI 222838 00ncei01 SD
PRODUCTIONHUNDRED SEED WEIGHTThe weight in grams of 100 seeds. Taken from the hundred seed weights in the GRIN inventory..72 NC7.INVENTORY.BRENNERPI 222838 88ncab01 SDNot Available
PRODUCTIONHUNDRED SEED WEIGHTThe weight in grams of 100 seeds. Taken from the hundred seed weights in the GRIN inventory..73 NC7.INVENTORY.BRENNERPI 222838 55ncpo01 SDNot Available
PRODUCTIONHUNDRED SEED WEIGHTThe weight in grams of 100 seeds. Taken from the hundred seed weights in the GRIN inventory..76 NC7.INVENTORY.BRENNERPI 222838 77ncwo01 SDNot Available