Details for: RRUT 199, Citrus japonica Thunb., 'Changshou'


Summary Data
Taxonomy:
Citrus japonica Thunb.
Cultivar:
'Changshou'
Origin:
Donated – California, United States
Received by NPGS:
Feb 2002
Improvement Status:
Cultivar
Form Received:
Budwood
Life Form:
Tree
Life Habit:
Tree
Availability
FormQuantityNoteInventoryCart
Plant1 countPlease use comment field to indicate germplasm type being requested and quantity. RRUT 199 PL
 
Restrictions
Interstate Shipment Restricted by Federal Seed Act
https://www.ldaf.state.la.us/ldaf-programs/seed-programs/seed-regulatory-and-testing/
  • USA – Louisiana (as Fortunella japonica; see state regulation: Citrus Canker Quarantine)
Images (8 total. Click on image for more.)

Image

Core Passport Data
Taxonomy:
Citrus japonica Thunb.
Cultivar:
'Changshou'
Origin:
Donated – California, United States
Received by NPGS:
Feb 2002
Improvement Status:
Cultivar
Form Received:
Budwood
Life Form:
Tree
Life Habit:
Tree
Source History
Donated
01 February 2002.
California, United States
Comment: From registered tree 1015226 via Toots Bier.
Donor(s):
17 February 2009.
California, United States
Comment: Budwood received at CCPP from NCGRCD inventory item RIV4584PL.
Donor(s):
25 January 2011.
California, United States
Comment: Budwood receieved at NCGRCD.
Donor(s):
Accession Names and Identifiers
'Fukushu'
Type: Cultivar name
Group: KUMQUAT

'Changshou'
Type: Cultivar name
Group: KUMQUAT

RQ-2002-18
Type: Site identifier
Obsolete accession number no longer used at NCGRCD.
Krueger, Robert USDA, ARS

RRUT 199
Type: Site identifier

IPPN 445
Type: Quarantine identifier
Citrus Clonal Protection Program

VI 805
Type: Quarantine identifier
Californians desiring budwood of this variety should contact CCPP.
Citrus Clonal Protection Program

Narrative
"...a dwarf vaiety commonly grown as a potted plant in China, in the provinces of Wenchow, Fuchow, Chekiang, and Fukien...fruits obovate with the tip concave, about 3 cm long and 3 cm wide, with 8 segments. The peel is very thin (1.5 mm) and has the same flavor and odor as that of the round kumquat, F. japonica. The seeds are few (rarely more than 2 or 3) and polyembryonic...The peel is said to be 2.5-3 mm thick, soft, sweet and edible; segments 5-6; the pulp, juicy, subacid, refreshing. Seeds sometimes absent but often rather abundant if present, polyembryonic with more embryos than those of the Meiwa kumquat." (Swingle and Reece, 1967, p 335-336)

"The Choju kinkan or Changshou or Fukushu kumquat of Japan is a dwarf variety that is reported to be widely grown as a potted plant in CHina and also in Japan to some extent. According to Swingle [citation below], it is characterized by the broadly obovate form of the fruit, a markedly depressed apex, medium size, thin rind (for a kumquat), and a rather large number of segments (five or six, sometimes as many as eight). Seeds are few and polyembryonic. The plant is small and thornless". (Hodgson, 1967, p 583)

Obtained from Willits and Newcomb as a possible clean source of this cv which is already in the CVC (PI 539730/RCRC 3475). More information on PI 539730 is available from the Citrus Variety Collection. Tested clean but later also processed by CCPP. (RR Krueger, 06/27/2011)

Citrus japonica Thunb.
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:

10724
Place of publication:

Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3:199. 1780 (Fl. jap. 292. 1784)
Verified:
04/17/2020 by ARS Systematic Botanists.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Citrus ×aurantium L. var. japonica (Thunb.) Hook. f.
Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
EnglishChangshou kumquat as Fortunella obovata1Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. Note: a probable garden hybrid
Englishgolden-bean kumquat as Fortunella hindsii var. chintou1Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. Note: as Fortunella hindsii var. chintou
EnglishHong Kong kumquat as Fortunella hindsii1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella hindsii
Englishmarumi kumquat as Fortunella japonica1Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:169. Note: as Fortunella japonica
Englishmeiwa kumquat as Fortunella crassifolia1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella crassifolia
Englishnagami kumquat as Fortunella margarita1Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:117. Note: as Fortunella margarita
Englishoval cumquat as Fortunella margarita1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). Note: as Fortunella margarita
Englishoval kumquat as Fortunella margarita1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella margarita
Englishround cumquat as Fortunella japonica1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). Note: as Fortunella japonica
Englishround kumquat as Fortunella japonica1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella japonica
Chinesejin gan金柑as Citrus japonica2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = Citrus japonica Thunb.
Frenchkumquat marumi as Fortunella japonica2Courboulex, M. & H. de Lorrain. 1997. Les agrumes: oranges, citron, pamplemousses, kumquats. Note: re. French common names
Frenchkumquat meiwa as Fortunella crassifolia2Feuillet, C. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. French common names as Fortunella crassifolia
Frenchkumquat nagami as Fortunella margarita2Courboulex, M. & H. de Lorrain. 1997. Les agrumes: oranges, citron, pamplemousses, kumquats. Note: re. French common names
GermanHongkong-Kumquat as Fortunella hindsii2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: as Fortunella hindsii
GermanMarumikumquat as Fortunella japonica2Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: as Fortunella japonica
Germanovale Kumquat as Fortunella margarita2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: as Fortunella margarita
GermanOvalkumquat as Fortunella margarita2Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: as Fortunella margarita
Germanrunde Kumquat as Fortunella japonica2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: as Fortunella japonica
Swedishrund kumquat as Fortunella japonica2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Annotations
  • Nomenclature Name Change: 20 Apr 2020, from Fortunella ×obovata hort. ex Tanaka to Citrus japonica Thunb.
Other Links
Actions
  • ACCNUMBERD: RRUT number assigned. 27 Jun 2011.
Pathogens
Vouchers
Citations
  • Hodgson, R. W. 1967. Horticultural Varieties of Citrus. In: Reuther, W. et al., The Citrus industry. Vol. 1. History, world distribution, botany and varieties. Revised edition Number of accessions cited: 30
  • Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The Botany of Citrus and Its Wild Relatives. In: Reuther, W. et al., The Citrus industry. Vol. 1. History, world distribution, botany and varieties. Revised edition Note: View Number of accessions cited: 32
  • Swingle, W. T. 1943. The Botany of Citrus and its Wild Relatives of the Orange Subfamily (Family Rutaceae, Subfamily Aurantioideae). In: Webber, H. J. & L. D. Batchelor, The Citrus industry. Vol. 1. History, botany and breeding Number of accessions cited: 2
  • Tanaka, T. 1933. General remarks on the genus Fortunella. Stud Citrol 6:19-40 Number of accessions cited: 1
Pedigree
Description:
Tanaka (1933) considered it a valid species (Fortunella obovata), but Swingle (1943) believed it to probably be a chance hybrid between two Fortunella spp. "The dwarf habit, absence of spines, the frequent seedlessness of the fruits, the concavity at the apex, and the large number of embryos in the seeds, all point to this as being a chance hybrid between two species of Fortunella. It was named as a species, F. obovata, by Tanaka (1933a, p. 38), but specific names for forms suspected of being garden hybrids or mutations are of doubtful taxonomic validity and should not be accepted if proof is lacking that the plants are not mere garden hybrids, propagated only by man's help." (Swingle and Reece, 1967, pp 335-336)