Details for: PI 637953, Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt, F. virginiana subsp. glauca OJ-2003-14


Summary Data
Taxonomy:
Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
Top Name:
F. virginiana subsp. glauca OJ-2003-14
Origin:
Collected – New Mexico, United States
Received by NPGS:
22 Sep 2003
Improvement Status:
Wild material
Reproductive Uniformity:

Hybrid
Form Received:
Plant
Life Form:
Perennial
Life Cycle:
Perennial
Availability
This accession is not available. Contact site for status.
Due to a recent decrease in resources, we are in the process of restructuring our distribution and are not able to accept requests for this material at this time.

 
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Core Passport Data
Taxonomy:
Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
Top Name:
F. virginiana subsp. glauca OJ-2003-14
Origin:
Collected – New Mexico, United States
Received by NPGS:
22 Sep 2003
Improvement Status:
Wild material
Reproductive Uniformity:

Hybrid
Form Received:
Plant
Life Form:
Perennial
Life Cycle:
Perennial
Source History
Collected
17 September 2003.
New Mexico, United States
Locality: Lincoln county, Sierra Blanca Ski area, North fork Ruidoso r river above ski area, end of hwy 532
Coordinates: 33.4007, -105.7902 (Map it)
Elevation: 3018m.
Georeference protocol: Lat/lon determined by GPS
Habitat: Wild Habitat
Environment description: Shaded forest floor, Picea englemannii

Collector(s):
Donated
22 September 2003.
Oregon, United States

Donor(s):
Accession Names and Identifiers
F. virginiana subsp. glauca OJ-2003-14
Type: Collector identifier
Group: SPECIES
Jim Oliphant and Jodi Jackson collection
Oliphant, James USDA, ARS

OJ-2003-14
Type: Collector identifier
Group: FRAGARIA
Olipant,J. and Jackson,J collection
Oliphant, James USDA, ARS

JO 0903
Type: Exploration identifier
Group: PEO-EXPLORATIONS
Exploration ID links

KEH0903
Type: Exploration identifier
Group: PEO-EXPLORATIONS
Exploration ID links

CFRA 1828
Type: Site identifier
Group: LOCAL
Corvallis local number

Narrative
Fragaria virginiana Mill. subspp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
Genus:
Fragaria
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Rosoideae
Tribe:
Potentilleae
Subtribe:
Fragariinae
Nomen number:

70295
Place of publication:

Canad. J. Bot. 40:881. 1962
Verified:
03/11/2009 by ARS Systematic Botanists.
Other conspecific taxa
Fragaria virginiana Mill. (18 active accession[s])
Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. grayana (Vilm. ex J. Gay) Staudt (51 active accession[s])
Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt (41 active accession[s])
Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. virginiana (291 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Fragaria virginiana Mill. var. glauca S. Watson

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fragaria glauca (S. Watson) Rydb.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Fragaria multicipita Fernald
Fragaria ovalis (Lehm.) Rydb.
Fragaria virginiana Mill. f. multicipita (Fernald) Catling & J. Cay.
Potentilla ovalis Lehm.

Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
English (Canada)northern wild strawberry Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name2Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 132-133.
French (Canada)fraisier glauque Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel2Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 132-133.
Annotations
  • Taxonomic Re-Identification: 12 Jan 2017, from Fragaria virginiana Mill. to Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt
Other Links
Actions
Pathogens
Vouchers
Citations
Pedigree
Description:
Collected from the wild in New Mexico.

Observations

Phenotype Data

CategoryDescriptorDescriptionValueSample SizeStudyInventoryAvailability
CYTOLOGICDNA RatioFlow cytometry measurement of the ratio of the amount of sample DNA to the amount of DNA in a standard plant0.76 FRAGARIA.2010.05.CYTOLOGYCFRA 1828 .001 PLNot Available
CYTOLOGICPloidyNumber of sets of chromosomes. Example: 2x8x FRAGARIA.2010.05.CYTOLOGYCFRA 1828 .001 PLNot Available
DISEASEPowdery mildew rating 6 Aug 2009Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) infections were rated on 6 August 2009, from I = no disease to 9 = severe infection.14
Wild strawberries were shipped as runners from NCGR-Corvallis and propagated in the greenhouse and in the field at NCROC in 2008. In mid-October 2008, plants were dug and potted to 10 cm pots and grown in a heated greenhouse until January 2009, when they were moved to a cellar to spend their dormancy. Potted plants were moved out of the cellar on May 10, 2009, and stayed outdoors until planting.
On 28 May 2009, two, two-plant plots of each genotype were established in each of four blocks in a split block design. In each block, there were two sub-blocks with identical plant­ing plans. One was overwintered with straw mulch, and the adjacent sub-block was over­wintered without mulch. fn addition to the 34 replicated entries, two other wild genotypes, PI 637954 and Pl 641089, with insufficient plants for complete replication, were planted in a border row for observation. Starter fertilizer (11-52-0), monoammonium phosphate at rate of 80 g·114 L-1 rate and 500 ml solution per plant was used at planting and no additional fertilizer was applied after planting. Drip irrigation was installed as one T-tape per row (emitters spaced at 305 mm, 1.7 L·min-1, 102 L·h-1 for 30 mat 55.6 k Pa, John Deere Water, San Marcos, CA) and the field was irrigated once or twice per week as a supplement to precipitation. Weeds were manually removed and the space between rows was tilled as necessary to control weeds and runners. Straw mulch of 10-15 cm was applied on mulched plots in early November 2009, and removed to between rows in early April 2010. Straw was also added between the rows of the non-mulched plots in April so that all plots had surrounding straw during the 2010 growing season.

2009 Evaluations
Plants in each plot were initially spaced 0.6 m apart in rows 1.3 m apart. Plants were allowed to runner in 2010 to form short matted row plots. Some genotypes with excessive runners were trimmed manually to maintain them within their plot. Runners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from 1 = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-20; 4 = 21-30; and 5 => 30. Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) and fungal leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau) and leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 Aug. and 25 September 2009, from 1 = no disease to 9 = severe infection. Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 October 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 to 13 October 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.

2010 Evaluations
In 2010, genotypes were evaluated for several plant and fruit traits. The stand (% coverage of the plot) was estimated on 15 May during flowering and again at the early stage fruiting on 18 June. Winter injury was rated on 4 June from 1 (= all plants surviving , and vigorously growing) to 9 (= all plants dead) based on visual estimation of survival of the plants and the health and regrowth of the surviving plants. Plant vigor was rated on 18 June from 0 (= dead) to 9 (= highly vigorous) based primarily on the number and size of leaves produced. Growth habit was rated on 28 June from 1 (= prostrate) to 5 (= erect). Productivity was rated from 0 (no fruit) to 9 (heavily fruiting) when approximately 50% of the fruit appeared to be ripe. Using the same rating scale as in 2009, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spotting (leaf scorch/blight/spot) severity were rated on 7 July and 27 July. Fungal leaf spotting diseases appeared to include leaf scorch, leaf blight and leaf spot in 2010. As all three could be observed on one genotype, and necrotic lesions often coincided, a single fungal leaf disease score was given for each plot.
Berry weight was estimated based on random samples of 20 berries from a midseason harvest date (approximately 50% ripe fruit) from plots that fruited. Fruit shape was described as oblate, globose, globose conic, conic, long conic, necked, long wedge or short wedge according to the University of Florida key. External and internal fruit colors were described. Skin toughness was rated from 1 (very tender) to 9 (very tough) based on resistance to thumb abrasion when rubbed between thumb and forefinger. Firmness was rated from 1 (very soft) to 9 (very firm) when squeezed between thumb and forefinger. Flavor was characterized with descriptors and rated hedonically by JJL from 1 (very poor) to 9 (excellent).
Ratings were performed by SY and JJL in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Data for plant and fruit traits in each year were analyzed, where appropriate, using ANOVA with Statistix Software (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL). Mean separations were based on Fisher's protected LSD (P<=0.05). ">FRAGARIA.Yao.Luby.Hummer.EvaluationOfStrawberrySpecies.2012		 Not Available
DISEASEPowdery mildew rating 25 Sept 2009Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) infections were rated on 25 September 2009, from I = no disease to 9 = severe infection.1.0 i 4
Wild strawberries were shipped as runners from NCGR-Corvallis and propagated in the greenhouse and in the field at NCROC in 2008. In mid-October 2008, plants were dug and potted to 10 cm pots and grown in a heated greenhouse until January 2009, when they were moved to a cellar to spend their dormancy. Potted plants were moved out of the cellar on May 10, 2009, and stayed outdoors until planting.
On 28 May 2009, two, two-plant plots of each genotype were established in each of four blocks in a split block design. In each block, there were two sub-blocks with identical plant­ing plans. One was overwintered with straw mulch, and the adjacent sub-block was over­wintered without mulch. fn addition to the 34 replicated entries, two other wild genotypes, PI 637954 and Pl 641089, with insufficient plants for complete replication, were planted in a border row for observation. Starter fertilizer (11-52-0), monoammonium phosphate at rate of 80 g·114 L-1 rate and 500 ml solution per plant was used at planting and no additional fertilizer was applied after planting. Drip irrigation was installed as one T-tape per row (emitters spaced at 305 mm, 1.7 L·min-1, 102 L·h-1 for 30 mat 55.6 k Pa, John Deere Water, San Marcos, CA) and the field was irrigated once or twice per week as a supplement to precipitation. Weeds were manually removed and the space between rows was tilled as necessary to control weeds and runners. Straw mulch of 10-15 cm was applied on mulched plots in early November 2009, and removed to between rows in early April 2010. Straw was also added between the rows of the non-mulched plots in April so that all plots had surrounding straw during the 2010 growing season.

2009 Evaluations
Plants in each plot were initially spaced 0.6 m apart in rows 1.3 m apart. Plants were allowed to runner in 2010 to form short matted row plots. Some genotypes with excessive runners were trimmed manually to maintain them within their plot. Runners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from 1 = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-20; 4 = 21-30; and 5 => 30. Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) and fungal leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau) and leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 Aug. and 25 September 2009, from 1 = no disease to 9 = severe infection. Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 October 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 to 13 October 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.

2010 Evaluations
In 2010, genotypes were evaluated for several plant and fruit traits. The stand (% coverage of the plot) was estimated on 15 May during flowering and again at the early stage fruiting on 18 June. Winter injury was rated on 4 June from 1 (= all plants surviving , and vigorously growing) to 9 (= all plants dead) based on visual estimation of survival of the plants and the health and regrowth of the surviving plants. Plant vigor was rated on 18 June from 0 (= dead) to 9 (= highly vigorous) based primarily on the number and size of leaves produced. Growth habit was rated on 28 June from 1 (= prostrate) to 5 (= erect). Productivity was rated from 0 (no fruit) to 9 (heavily fruiting) when approximately 50% of the fruit appeared to be ripe. Using the same rating scale as in 2009, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spotting (leaf scorch/blight/spot) severity were rated on 7 July and 27 July. Fungal leaf spotting diseases appeared to include leaf scorch, leaf blight and leaf spot in 2010. As all three could be observed on one genotype, and necrotic lesions often coincided, a single fungal leaf disease score was given for each plot.
Berry weight was estimated based on random samples of 20 berries from a midseason harvest date (approximately 50% ripe fruit) from plots that fruited. Fruit shape was described as oblate, globose, globose conic, conic, long conic, necked, long wedge or short wedge according to the University of Florida key. External and internal fruit colors were described. Skin toughness was rated from 1 (very tender) to 9 (very tough) based on resistance to thumb abrasion when rubbed between thumb and forefinger. Firmness was rated from 1 (very soft) to 9 (very firm) when squeezed between thumb and forefinger. Flavor was characterized with descriptors and rated hedonically by JJL from 1 (very poor) to 9 (excellent).
Ratings were performed by SY and JJL in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Data for plant and fruit traits in each year were analyzed, where appropriate, using ANOVA with Statistix Software (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL). Mean separations were based on Fisher's protected LSD (P<=0.05). ">FRAGARIA.Yao.Luby.Hummer.EvaluationOfStrawberrySpecies.2012		 Not Available
DISEASELeaf scorch rating on 6 Aug 2009Leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 August 2009 from I = no disease to 9 = severe infection.2.44
Wild strawberries were shipped as runners from NCGR-Corvallis and propagated in the greenhouse and in the field at NCROC in 2008. In mid-October 2008, plants were dug and potted to 10 cm pots and grown in a heated greenhouse until January 2009, when they were moved to a cellar to spend their dormancy. Potted plants were moved out of the cellar on May 10, 2009, and stayed outdoors until planting.
On 28 May 2009, two, two-plant plots of each genotype were established in each of four blocks in a split block design. In each block, there were two sub-blocks with identical plant­ing plans. One was overwintered with straw mulch, and the adjacent sub-block was over­wintered without mulch. fn addition to the 34 replicated entries, two other wild genotypes, PI 637954 and Pl 641089, with insufficient plants for complete replication, were planted in a border row for observation. Starter fertilizer (11-52-0), monoammonium phosphate at rate of 80 g·114 L-1 rate and 500 ml solution per plant was used at planting and no additional fertilizer was applied after planting. Drip irrigation was installed as one T-tape per row (emitters spaced at 305 mm, 1.7 L·min-1, 102 L·h-1 for 30 mat 55.6 k Pa, John Deere Water, San Marcos, CA) and the field was irrigated once or twice per week as a supplement to precipitation. Weeds were manually removed and the space between rows was tilled as necessary to control weeds and runners. Straw mulch of 10-15 cm was applied on mulched plots in early November 2009, and removed to between rows in early April 2010. Straw was also added between the rows of the non-mulched plots in April so that all plots had surrounding straw during the 2010 growing season.

2009 Evaluations
Plants in each plot were initially spaced 0.6 m apart in rows 1.3 m apart. Plants were allowed to runner in 2010 to form short matted row plots. Some genotypes with excessive runners were trimmed manually to maintain them within their plot. Runners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from 1 = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-20; 4 = 21-30; and 5 => 30. Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) and fungal leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau) and leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 Aug. and 25 September 2009, from 1 = no disease to 9 = severe infection. Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 October 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 to 13 October 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.

2010 Evaluations
In 2010, genotypes were evaluated for several plant and fruit traits. The stand (% coverage of the plot) was estimated on 15 May during flowering and again at the early stage fruiting on 18 June. Winter injury was rated on 4 June from 1 (= all plants surviving , and vigorously growing) to 9 (= all plants dead) based on visual estimation of survival of the plants and the health and regrowth of the surviving plants. Plant vigor was rated on 18 June from 0 (= dead) to 9 (= highly vigorous) based primarily on the number and size of leaves produced. Growth habit was rated on 28 June from 1 (= prostrate) to 5 (= erect). Productivity was rated from 0 (no fruit) to 9 (heavily fruiting) when approximately 50% of the fruit appeared to be ripe. Using the same rating scale as in 2009, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spotting (leaf scorch/blight/spot) severity were rated on 7 July and 27 July. Fungal leaf spotting diseases appeared to include leaf scorch, leaf blight and leaf spot in 2010. As all three could be observed on one genotype, and necrotic lesions often coincided, a single fungal leaf disease score was given for each plot.
Berry weight was estimated based on random samples of 20 berries from a midseason harvest date (approximately 50% ripe fruit) from plots that fruited. Fruit shape was described as oblate, globose, globose conic, conic, long conic, necked, long wedge or short wedge according to the University of Florida key. External and internal fruit colors were described. Skin toughness was rated from 1 (very tender) to 9 (very tough) based on resistance to thumb abrasion when rubbed between thumb and forefinger. Firmness was rated from 1 (very soft) to 9 (very firm) when squeezed between thumb and forefinger. Flavor was characterized with descriptors and rated hedonically by JJL from 1 (very poor) to 9 (excellent).
Ratings were performed by SY and JJL in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Data for plant and fruit traits in each year were analyzed, where appropriate, using ANOVA with Statistix Software (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL). Mean separations were based on Fisher's protected LSD (P<=0.05). ">FRAGARIA.Yao.Luby.Hummer.EvaluationOfStrawberrySpecies.2012		 Not Available
DISEASELeaf Scorch rating 25 Sept 2009Leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 25 September 2009 from I = no disease to 9 = severe infection.5.84
Wild strawberries were shipped as runners from NCGR-Corvallis and propagated in the greenhouse and in the field at NCROC in 2008. In mid-October 2008, plants were dug and potted to 10 cm pots and grown in a heated greenhouse until January 2009, when they were moved to a cellar to spend their dormancy. Potted plants were moved out of the cellar on May 10, 2009, and stayed outdoors until planting.
On 28 May 2009, two, two-plant plots of each genotype were established in each of four blocks in a split block design. In each block, there were two sub-blocks with identical plant­ing plans. One was overwintered with straw mulch, and the adjacent sub-block was over­wintered without mulch. fn addition to the 34 replicated entries, two other wild genotypes, PI 637954 and Pl 641089, with insufficient plants for complete replication, were planted in a border row for observation. Starter fertilizer (11-52-0), monoammonium phosphate at rate of 80 g·114 L-1 rate and 500 ml solution per plant was used at planting and no additional fertilizer was applied after planting. Drip irrigation was installed as one T-tape per row (emitters spaced at 305 mm, 1.7 L·min-1, 102 L·h-1 for 30 mat 55.6 k Pa, John Deere Water, San Marcos, CA) and the field was irrigated once or twice per week as a supplement to precipitation. Weeds were manually removed and the space between rows was tilled as necessary to control weeds and runners. Straw mulch of 10-15 cm was applied on mulched plots in early November 2009, and removed to between rows in early April 2010. Straw was also added between the rows of the non-mulched plots in April so that all plots had surrounding straw during the 2010 growing season.

2009 Evaluations
Plants in each plot were initially spaced 0.6 m apart in rows 1.3 m apart. Plants were allowed to runner in 2010 to form short matted row plots. Some genotypes with excessive runners were trimmed manually to maintain them within their plot. Runners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from 1 = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-20; 4 = 21-30; and 5 => 30. Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) and fungal leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau) and leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 Aug. and 25 September 2009, from 1 = no disease to 9 = severe infection. Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 October 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 to 13 October 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.

2010 Evaluations
In 2010, genotypes were evaluated for several plant and fruit traits. The stand (% coverage of the plot) was estimated on 15 May during flowering and again at the early stage fruiting on 18 June. Winter injury was rated on 4 June from 1 (= all plants surviving , and vigorously growing) to 9 (= all plants dead) based on visual estimation of survival of the plants and the health and regrowth of the surviving plants. Plant vigor was rated on 18 June from 0 (= dead) to 9 (= highly vigorous) based primarily on the number and size of leaves produced. Growth habit was rated on 28 June from 1 (= prostrate) to 5 (= erect). Productivity was rated from 0 (no fruit) to 9 (heavily fruiting) when approximately 50% of the fruit appeared to be ripe. Using the same rating scale as in 2009, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spotting (leaf scorch/blight/spot) severity were rated on 7 July and 27 July. Fungal leaf spotting diseases appeared to include leaf scorch, leaf blight and leaf spot in 2010. As all three could be observed on one genotype, and necrotic lesions often coincided, a single fungal leaf disease score was given for each plot.
Berry weight was estimated based on random samples of 20 berries from a midseason harvest date (approximately 50% ripe fruit) from plots that fruited. Fruit shape was described as oblate, globose, globose conic, conic, long conic, necked, long wedge or short wedge according to the University of Florida key. External and internal fruit colors were described. Skin toughness was rated from 1 (very tender) to 9 (very tough) based on resistance to thumb abrasion when rubbed between thumb and forefinger. Firmness was rated from 1 (very soft) to 9 (very firm) when squeezed between thumb and forefinger. Flavor was characterized with descriptors and rated hedonically by JJL from 1 (very poor) to 9 (excellent).
Ratings were performed by SY and JJL in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Data for plant and fruit traits in each year were analyzed, where appropriate, using ANOVA with Statistix Software (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL). Mean separations were based on Fisher's protected LSD (P<=0.05). ">FRAGARIA.Yao.Luby.Hummer.EvaluationOfStrawberrySpecies.2012		 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYRunnering rating in MinnesotaRunners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from I = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10, 3 = 11-20, 4 = 21-30, and 5 =>30.4.9ab 4
Wild strawberries were shipped as runners from NCGR-Corvallis and propagated in the greenhouse and in the field at NCROC in 2008. In mid-October 2008, plants were dug and potted to 10 cm pots and grown in a heated greenhouse until January 2009, when they were moved to a cellar to spend their dormancy. Potted plants were moved out of the cellar on May 10, 2009, and stayed outdoors until planting.
On 28 May 2009, two, two-plant plots of each genotype were established in each of four blocks in a split block design. In each block, there were two sub-blocks with identical plant­ing plans. One was overwintered with straw mulch, and the adjacent sub-block was over­wintered without mulch. fn addition to the 34 replicated entries, two other wild genotypes, PI 637954 and Pl 641089, with insufficient plants for complete replication, were planted in a border row for observation. Starter fertilizer (11-52-0), monoammonium phosphate at rate of 80 g·114 L-1 rate and 500 ml solution per plant was used at planting and no additional fertilizer was applied after planting. Drip irrigation was installed as one T-tape per row (emitters spaced at 305 mm, 1.7 L·min-1, 102 L·h-1 for 30 mat 55.6 k Pa, John Deere Water, San Marcos, CA) and the field was irrigated once or twice per week as a supplement to precipitation. Weeds were manually removed and the space between rows was tilled as necessary to control weeds and runners. Straw mulch of 10-15 cm was applied on mulched plots in early November 2009, and removed to between rows in early April 2010. Straw was also added between the rows of the non-mulched plots in April so that all plots had surrounding straw during the 2010 growing season.

2009 Evaluations
Plants in each plot were initially spaced 0.6 m apart in rows 1.3 m apart. Plants were allowed to runner in 2010 to form short matted row plots. Some genotypes with excessive runners were trimmed manually to maintain them within their plot. Runners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from 1 = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-20; 4 = 21-30; and 5 => 30. Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) and fungal leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau) and leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 Aug. and 25 September 2009, from 1 = no disease to 9 = severe infection. Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 October 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 to 13 October 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.

2010 Evaluations
In 2010, genotypes were evaluated for several plant and fruit traits. The stand (% coverage of the plot) was estimated on 15 May during flowering and again at the early stage fruiting on 18 June. Winter injury was rated on 4 June from 1 (= all plants surviving , and vigorously growing) to 9 (= all plants dead) based on visual estimation of survival of the plants and the health and regrowth of the surviving plants. Plant vigor was rated on 18 June from 0 (= dead) to 9 (= highly vigorous) based primarily on the number and size of leaves produced. Growth habit was rated on 28 June from 1 (= prostrate) to 5 (= erect). Productivity was rated from 0 (no fruit) to 9 (heavily fruiting) when approximately 50% of the fruit appeared to be ripe. Using the same rating scale as in 2009, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spotting (leaf scorch/blight/spot) severity were rated on 7 July and 27 July. Fungal leaf spotting diseases appeared to include leaf scorch, leaf blight and leaf spot in 2010. As all three could be observed on one genotype, and necrotic lesions often coincided, a single fungal leaf disease score was given for each plot.
Berry weight was estimated based on random samples of 20 berries from a midseason harvest date (approximately 50% ripe fruit) from plots that fruited. Fruit shape was described as oblate, globose, globose conic, conic, long conic, necked, long wedge or short wedge according to the University of Florida key. External and internal fruit colors were described. Skin toughness was rated from 1 (very tender) to 9 (very tough) based on resistance to thumb abrasion when rubbed between thumb and forefinger. Firmness was rated from 1 (very soft) to 9 (very firm) when squeezed between thumb and forefinger. Flavor was characterized with descriptors and rated hedonically by JJL from 1 (very poor) to 9 (excellent).
Ratings were performed by SY and JJL in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Data for plant and fruit traits in each year were analyzed, where appropriate, using ANOVA with Statistix Software (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL). Mean separations were based on Fisher's protected LSD (P<=0.05). ">FRAGARIA.Yao.Luby.Hummer.EvaluationOfStrawberrySpecies.2012		 Not Available
PHYSIOLOGYFrost resistance rating October 2009Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 Oct. 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 Oct. to 13 Oct. 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.3.84
Wild strawberries were shipped as runners from NCGR-Corvallis and propagated in the greenhouse and in the field at NCROC in 2008. In mid-October 2008, plants were dug and potted to 10 cm pots and grown in a heated greenhouse until January 2009, when they were moved to a cellar to spend their dormancy. Potted plants were moved out of the cellar on May 10, 2009, and stayed outdoors until planting.
On 28 May 2009, two, two-plant plots of each genotype were established in each of four blocks in a split block design. In each block, there were two sub-blocks with identical plant­ing plans. One was overwintered with straw mulch, and the adjacent sub-block was over­wintered without mulch. fn addition to the 34 replicated entries, two other wild genotypes, PI 637954 and Pl 641089, with insufficient plants for complete replication, were planted in a border row for observation. Starter fertilizer (11-52-0), monoammonium phosphate at rate of 80 g·114 L-1 rate and 500 ml solution per plant was used at planting and no additional fertilizer was applied after planting. Drip irrigation was installed as one T-tape per row (emitters spaced at 305 mm, 1.7 L·min-1, 102 L·h-1 for 30 mat 55.6 k Pa, John Deere Water, San Marcos, CA) and the field was irrigated once or twice per week as a supplement to precipitation. Weeds were manually removed and the space between rows was tilled as necessary to control weeds and runners. Straw mulch of 10-15 cm was applied on mulched plots in early November 2009, and removed to between rows in early April 2010. Straw was also added between the rows of the non-mulched plots in April so that all plots had surrounding straw during the 2010 growing season.

2009 Evaluations
Plants in each plot were initially spaced 0.6 m apart in rows 1.3 m apart. Plants were allowed to runner in 2010 to form short matted row plots. Some genotypes with excessive runners were trimmed manually to maintain them within their plot. Runners per plot were rated on 6 Aug. 2010 from 1 = 1-5 runners per plot; 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-20; 4 = 21-30; and 5 => 30. Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu) and fungal leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau) and leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana Ell. et Ev. (Wolf)) infections were rated on 6 Aug. and 25 September 2009, from 1 = no disease to 9 = severe infection. Frost resistance was evaluated on 13 October 2009, after several hard frosts from 9 to 13 October 2009, on a scale from I = no damage to 9 = all leaves fully desiccated.

2010 Evaluations
In 2010, genotypes were evaluated for several plant and fruit traits. The stand (% coverage of the plot) was estimated on 15 May during flowering and again at the early stage fruiting on 18 June. Winter injury was rated on 4 June from 1 (= all plants surviving , and vigorously growing) to 9 (= all plants dead) based on visual estimation of survival of the plants and the health and regrowth of the surviving plants. Plant vigor was rated on 18 June from 0 (= dead) to 9 (= highly vigorous) based primarily on the number and size of leaves produced. Growth habit was rated on 28 June from 1 (= prostrate) to 5 (= erect). Productivity was rated from 0 (no fruit) to 9 (heavily fruiting) when approximately 50% of the fruit appeared to be ripe. Using the same rating scale as in 2009, powdery mildew, fungal leaf spotting (leaf scorch/blight/spot) severity were rated on 7 July and 27 July. Fungal leaf spotting diseases appeared to include leaf scorch, leaf blight and leaf spot in 2010. As all three could be observed on one genotype, and necrotic lesions often coincided, a single fungal leaf disease score was given for each plot.
Berry weight was estimated based on random samples of 20 berries from a midseason harvest date (approximately 50% ripe fruit) from plots that fruited. Fruit shape was described as oblate, globose, globose conic, conic, long conic, necked, long wedge or short wedge according to the University of Florida key. External and internal fruit colors were described. Skin toughness was rated from 1 (very tender) to 9 (very tough) based on resistance to thumb abrasion when rubbed between thumb and forefinger. Firmness was rated from 1 (very soft) to 9 (very firm) when squeezed between thumb and forefinger. Flavor was characterized with descriptors and rated hedonically by JJL from 1 (very poor) to 9 (excellent).
Ratings were performed by SY and JJL in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Data for plant and fruit traits in each year were analyzed, where appropriate, using ANOVA with Statistix Software (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL). Mean separations were based on Fisher's protected LSD (P<=0.05). ">FRAGARIA.Yao.Luby.Hummer.EvaluationOfStrawberrySpecies.2012		 Not Available