Details for: PI 539724, Citrus japonica Thunb., Hong Kong wild


Summary Data
Taxonomy:
Citrus japonica Thunb.
Top Name:
Hong Kong wild
Origin:
Collected – Hong Kong
Received by NPGS:
24 Jan 1978
Improvement Status:
Wild material
Form Received:
Plant
Life Form:
Tree
Life Habit:
Tree
Availability
FormQuantityNoteInventoryCart
Plant1 countPI 539724 CVC PL
 
Restrictions
Interstate Shipment Restricted by Federal Seed Act
https://www.ldaf.state.la.us/ldaf-programs/seed-programs/seed-regulatory-and-testing/
  • USA – Louisiana (as Fortunella japonica; see state regulation: Citrus Canker Quarantine)
Images (9 total. Click on image for more.)

Image

Core Passport Data
Taxonomy:
Citrus japonica Thunb.
Top Name:
Hong Kong wild
Origin:
Collected – Hong Kong
Received by NPGS:
24 Jan 1978
Improvement Status:
Wild material
Form Received:
Plant
Life Form:
Tree
Life Habit:
Tree
Source History
Collected
November 1975.
Hong Kong
Locality: "West side of Hunchback Mountain in the New Territories of Hong Kong" (from archival CRC card on file at NCGRCD).
Elevation: 580m.
Habitat: Wild Habitat

Collector(s):
Donated
24 January 1978.
California, United States
Comment: Two seedlings received at CES from donor.
Donor(s):
December 1987.
California, United States
Comment: Incorporated into NCGRCD holdings at establishment of NCGRCD.
Donor(s):
Accession Names and Identifiers
Hong Kong wild
Type: Local name
Group: KUMQUAT

BB 394
Type: Donor identifier

RCRC 3790
Type: Site identifier

Narrative
2 seedlings obtained from Bruce Bartholomew, curator, Berkeley Botanic Garden on January 24, 1978. Seeds collected by B Bartholomew on the west side of Hunchback Mountain in the New Territories of Hong Kong at an elevation of 580 m in November 1975. Seedlings labelled BB 394. (EM Nauer, ca 1987)

Budded trees being grown for the variety collection by [RK Soost]. Trees in lathhouse B may be this accession and/or CRC 3789. This accession and CRC 3789 are not the same. See note dated 01/18/1989 on CRC 3789 accession card. (EM Nauer, ca 1989)

There are currently two accessions of F hindsii maintained at Riverside, PI 539723 and PI 539724. PI 539723 has traditionally been stated to be 2N and associated with the 'Golden bean' kumquat, whereas PI 539724 has been stated to be 4N and associated with the 'Hong Kong wild' kumquat. The two genotypes are compared in Swingle (1943), pp 349-353, and its revision as Swingle and Reece (1967), pp 333-335. Although Swingle (1943) has more information on these genotypes than does Swingle and Reece (1967), the later is more easily accessible (including an online version) and has most of the pertinent information. See also the information in Hodgson (1967), pp 582-583. It does appear that the received wisdom regarding the ploidy levels is probably incorrect. A letter from the late Prof RK Soost to the donor of PI 539723, Mr William Chapman, dated 07/12/1977 states "I finally have definitive chromosome counts on the F hindsi seedlings...from seed you supplied in 1975...confirming the somatic (diploid) count of 2n = 18. A separate letter from Prof Soost to the donor of PI 539724, Dr Bruce Bartholomew, states: "At long last we got some definitive chromosome counts on the Fortunella hindsii seedlings that I obtained from you in January 1978...The chromosome number of both seedlings is clearly 2n=18." Thus, it appears that both F hindsii accessions are diploid (although this should be confirmed again after over 30 years). In this case, apparently both PI 539723 and PI 539724 would correspond to Swingle's F hindsii var Chintou. In contrast to Swingle's statements in the above sources, Prof Soost states in the letter to Mr Chapman: "I suspect that the basic chromosome number...is 2n = 18, just like all other citrus and related genera...[t]he tetraploid would be the derived type...a tetraploid was either collected by chance of the tetraploid may be established as a cultivar in China. It's hard to believe that the tetraploid would be growing as a wild plant (as described by Swingle), in preference to the diploid." (RR Krueger, 12/21/2010)

Citrus japonica Thunb.
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:

10724
Place of publication:

Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3:199. 1780 (Fl. jap. 292. 1784)
Verified:
04/17/2020 by ARS Systematic Botanists.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Citrus ×aurantium L. var. japonica (Thunb.) Hook. f.
Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
EnglishChangshou kumquat as Fortunella obovata1Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. Note: a probable garden hybrid
Englishgolden-bean kumquat as Fortunella hindsii var. chintou1Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. Note: as Fortunella hindsii var. chintou
EnglishHong Kong kumquat as Fortunella hindsii1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella hindsii
Englishmarumi kumquat as Fortunella japonica1Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:169. Note: as Fortunella japonica
Englishmeiwa kumquat as Fortunella crassifolia1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella crassifolia
Englishnagami kumquat as Fortunella margarita1Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:117. Note: as Fortunella margarita
Englishoval cumquat as Fortunella margarita1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). Note: as Fortunella margarita
Englishoval kumquat as Fortunella margarita1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella margarita
Englishround cumquat as Fortunella japonica1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). Note: as Fortunella japonica
Englishround kumquat as Fortunella japonica1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Fortunella japonica
Chinesejin gan金柑as Citrus japonica2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = Citrus japonica Thunb.
Frenchkumquat marumi as Fortunella japonica2Courboulex, M. & H. de Lorrain. 1997. Les agrumes: oranges, citron, pamplemousses, kumquats. Note: re. French common names
Frenchkumquat meiwa as Fortunella crassifolia2Feuillet, C. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. French common names as Fortunella crassifolia
Frenchkumquat nagami as Fortunella margarita2Courboulex, M. & H. de Lorrain. 1997. Les agrumes: oranges, citron, pamplemousses, kumquats. Note: re. French common names
GermanHongkong-Kumquat as Fortunella hindsii2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: as Fortunella hindsii
GermanMarumikumquat as Fortunella japonica2Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: as Fortunella japonica
Germanovale Kumquat as Fortunella margarita2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: as Fortunella margarita
GermanOvalkumquat as Fortunella margarita2Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: as Fortunella margarita
Germanrunde Kumquat as Fortunella japonica2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: as Fortunella japonica
Swedishrund kumquat as Fortunella japonica2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Annotations
  • Nomenclature Name Change: 20 Apr 2020, from Fortunella hindsii (Champ. ex Benth.) Swingle to Citrus japonica Thunb.
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Pathogens
Vouchers
Citations
  • Hodgson, R. W. 1967. Horticultural varieties of citrus. In: Reuther, W. et al., The Citrus industry. Vol. 1. History, world distribution, botany and varieties. Revised edition Number of accessions cited: 16
  • Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of citrus and its wild relatives. In: Reuther, W. et al., The Citrus industry. Vol. 1. History, world distribution, botany and varieties. Revised edition Note: View Number of accessions cited: 32
  • Swingle, W. T. 1943. The botany of citrus and its wild relatives of the orange subfamily. In: Webber, H. J. & L. D. Batchelor, The Citrus industry. Vol. 1. History, botany and breeding Number of accessions cited: 4
Pedigree
Description:
Originally collected as open pollinated seed.

Observations

Phenotype Data

CategoryDescriptorDescriptionValueSample SizeStudyInventoryAvailability
GROWTHTree habitGeneral growth habit of tree.2 - spreading0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
GROWTHTree shapeGeneral shape of tree.2 - spheroid0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
GROWTHTree vigorGeneral vigor of tree.2 - medium0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYVegetative Life CycleEvergreen vs. deciduous .1 - evergreen0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYShoot tip colorColor of shoot tip.1 - green0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLeaf typeLeaf type .1 - simple0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLeaf shapeShape of leaves.4 - lanceolate0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLeaf formRatio of petiole to lamina.2 - brevipetiolate0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLeaf marginType of leaf margin.1 - crenate0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available
MORPHOLOGYPetiole wing shapeShape of petiole wing.3 - obovate0CITRUS.TREEDATA.89 Not Available