Details for: Ames 19168, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, Ramonskaja 023

Summary Data

Taxonomy:

Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Top Name:

Ramonskaja 023

Origin:

Collected – Russian Federation

Maintained:

Western Regional PI Station

Received by NPGS:

20 Jul 1992

Improvement Status:

Cultivar

Form Received:

Seed

Life Form:

Biennial

Life Cycle:

Biennial

Backup Location:

National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation

Availability

Form	Quantity	Note	Inventory	Cart
Seed	100 count		Ames 19168 2009i SD

Images (3 total. Click on image for more.)

Core Passport Data

Taxonomy:

Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Top Name:

Ramonskaja 023

Origin:

Collected – Russian Federation

Maintained:

Western Regional PI Station

Received by NPGS:

20 Jul 1992

Improvement Status:

Cultivar

Form Received:

Seed

Life Form:

Biennial

Life Cycle:

Biennial

Source History

Collected

Russian Federation

Donated

20 July 1992.
Russian Federation

Donor(s):

N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry

Accession Names and Identifiers

Ramonskaja 023

Type: Unverified name

WIR 1750

Type: Donor identifier

Vavilov Institute, USSR

IDBBNR 9567

Type: Institute identifier

Group: IPGRI

Bundesanstalt fur Zuchtungsforschung

Ames 19168

Type: Site identifier

Group: AMES

NC-7

Narrative

VIR 1750 - Ramonskaja 023 - diploid Sugar beet, Russia breeding, 1957. Famous variety with higher sugar content.

Beta vulgaris L. subspp. vulgaris

Genus:

Beta

Section:

Beta

Family:

Chenopodiaceae

Subfamily:

Betoideae

Tribe:

Beteae

Nomen number:

7057

Comment:

treated here to include Beta vulgaris Fodder Beet, Garden Beet, Leaf Beet, and Sugar Beet Groups

Verified:

03/24/2009 by ARS Systematic Botanists.

Other conspecific taxa

Beta vulgaris L. (23 active accession[s])
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. adanensis (Pamukç. ex Aellen) Ford-Lloyd & J. T. Williams (0 active accession[s])
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (627 active accession[s])
Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)
Beta vulgaris L. f. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris

Heterotypic Synonym(s)


Beta brasiliensis hort. ex Voss, nom. inval.
Beta chilensis hort.
Beta cicla (L.) L.
Beta vulgaris L. var.-gr. crassa Alef.
Beta altissima Steud.
Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.
Beta vulgaris L. subvar. flavescens DC.
Beta vulgaris L. f. rhodopleura (Alef.) Helm
Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera Alef.
Beta vulgaris L. var. altissima Döll
Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva Alef.
Beta vulgaris L. var. flavescens (DC.) Mansf.
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Schübl. & G. Martens
Beta vulgaris L. var. rapacea W. D. J. Koch
Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra DC.

Common names

Language	Name	Alternate name	note	seq	Citation
English	beet			1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	beetroot			1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
English	field beet			1	1998. Federal Seed Act and Regulations, Agricultural and Vegetable Kind Lists, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch.
English	fodder beet			1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	foliage beet		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	garden beet			1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	leaf beet		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	1	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1244. Note: as Beta vulgaris var. cicla
English	mangel			1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
English	mangold			1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
English	red beet			1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	root beet			1	Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
English	Sicilian broad-rib beet		as Beta vulgaris var. flavescens	1	Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
English	spinach beet		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	spinach chard			1	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
English	sugarbeet			1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	Swiss chard		as Beta vulgaris var. flavescens	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	yellow beet			1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Arabic	shamandar			2	Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar.
Chinese	tian cai	甜菜		2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	betterave			2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
French	betterave fourragère			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	betterave jaune			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	betterave potagère			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	betterave rouge			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	betterave sucrière			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	poirée à carde		as Beta vulgaris var. flavescens	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Beta vulgaris subvar. flavescens
French	poirée à couper		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	poirée bette			2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
German	Blatt-Mangold		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1244. Note: as Beta vulgaris var. cicla
German	Futterrübe			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	mangel Wurzel			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Mangold		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1244. Note: as Beta vulgaris var. cicla
German	römische Bete		as Beta vulgaris var. flavescens	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1244. Note: lists as Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla var. flavescens as Beta vulgaris subvar. flavescens
German	rote Bete			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	rote Rübe			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Runkelrübe			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Schnittmangold		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Stielmangold		as Beta vulgaris var. flavescens	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Beta vulgaris subvar. flavescens
German	Zuckerrübe			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italian	barbabietola			2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Italian	barbabietola da foraggio			2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Italian	barbabietola da zucchero			2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Italian	bietola da coste			2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Italian	bietola da orto			2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Portuguese	acelga		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	beterraba			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	beterraba-açucareira			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	beterraba-forrageira			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	beterraba-sacarina			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	acelga		as Beta vulgaris var. cicla	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	acelga cardo		as Beta vulgaris var. flavescens	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	betarraga azucarera			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	betarraga forrajera			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	remolacha amarilla			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	remolacha azucarera			2	Office of the Union. 2009. UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. List of the taxa protected by the members of the Union
Spanish	remolacha colorada			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	remolacha de mesa			2	Office of the Union. 2009. UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. List of the taxa protected by the members of the Union
Spanish	remolacha forrajera			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	remolacha roja			2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	beta			2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Korean	geundae			2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:84.

Annotations

Taxonomic Re-Identification: 12 Jun 2002, from Beta vulgaris L. to Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Observations

Phenotype Data

Category	Descriptor	Description	Value	Sample Size	Study	Inventory	Availability
CYTOLOGIC	Ploidy level	Ploidy level	2n - DIPLOID		SUGARBEET.PLOIDY.1995.DONEY	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
CYTOLOGIC	Ploidy level	Ploidy level	2n - DIPLOID		SUGARBEET.PASSPORT.DATA		Not Available
DISEASE	Curly Top	Susceptability to Curly top.	7 - 7: SUSCEPTIBLE		Link to the 2017 Curly Top article">SUGARBEET.CURLYTOP.2017.STRAUSBAUGH	Ames 19168 2009i SD
DISEASE	Erysiphe	Susceptability to Erysiphe.	7 - SUSCEPTIBLE	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
DISEASE	Rhizoctonia	Susceptability to Rhizoctonia.	6 - 6: in 0-9 scale between Intermediate and Susceptible		SUGARBEET.RHIZOCTONIA.2017.FENWICK	Ames 19168 2009i SD
GROWTH	Uniformity	Population uniformity	1 - Uniform single type	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
GROWTH	Growth habit	General growth habit	3 - Procumbent	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
INSECT	Root Maggot	Susceptability to Root Maggot.	5 - 5: INTERMEDIATE	40	SUGARBEET.ROOTMAGGOT.2014.BOETEL	Ames 19168 2009i SD
MORPHOLOGY	Flowering pattern	Flowering pattern between plants	2 - Asynchronous	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Flowering pattern within	Flowering pattern within plants	1 - Determinate	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf pigmentation	Mature leaf blade pigmentation	1 - Light green	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf hairiness	Hairiness of leaf surface	2 - (0 = GLABROUS - HAIRS COMPLETELY ABSENT, 7 = VERY HAIRY)	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Petiole color	Color of petiole	1 - Green	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Hypocotyl color	Hypocotyl pigmentation	4 - Mixed	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Cluster fasciation	Inflorescence cluster fasciation	0 - Absent	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf length minimum	Minimum leaf blade length in centimeters	23	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf length maximum	Maximum leaf blade length in centimeters	31.7	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Bolting tendency 1	Bolting tendency - (percentage of bolters from an early sowing).	0		Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Bolting-2	Percent of bolters from plants given prolonged cold treatment at 7 degrees centigrade.	50		Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf width minimum	Minimum leaf blade width in centimeters	11.8	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf blade width maximum	Maximum leaf blade width in centimeters	15.4	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Seed weight 100	Weight of 100 seeds in grams.	2.1		SUGARBEET.SEEDWEIGHT.WRPIS	Ames 19168 2009i SD
MORPHOLOGY	Lifeform	Life form of the accession	BI - Biennial		SUGARBEET.LIFEFORM.1995.DONEY	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
MORPHOLOGY	Lifeform	Life form of the accession	BI - Biennial	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
OTHER	Image/picture1	A picture or image	vegetative-root		SUGARBEET.IMAGE.PULLMAN.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
OTHER	Image/picture1	A picture or image	vegetative-side view		SUGARBEET.IMAGE.PULLMAN.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
OTHER	Image/picture1	A picture or image	vegetative-top view		SUGARBEET.IMAGE.PULLMAN.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
PRODUCTION	Isolation	Isolation from other beet populations	3 - Isolated from both wild and cultivated	96	SUGARBEET.ISOLATION.YR.HODGDON	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
PRODUCTION	Isolation	Isolation from other beet populations	3 - Isolated from both wild and cultivated	75	Beta grown through 2004 - 2007 Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase. After vernalization, all plants were grown in greenhouses with day temperatures set between 15.5 C (60 F) and 21.1 C (70 F). All plants were planted in Sunshine TM #4 soilless potting media in 2 gallon pots and given 14-16 hour day lengths (supplimented with a combination of high pressure sodium and metal halide lights). Once bolting was initiated plants were fertilized every 7-10 days with 10-30-20 (N-P-K) Blossom Booster fertilizer and STEM micronutrients (11 1/3 tbsp fertilizer and 1/4 tsp. STEM /gallon for use with 15:1 hozon siphon proportioner). Vernalization protocol was as follows: First venalization- 6 week old seedlings in rootrainersTM (in Sunshine TM #4 media) for a minimum of 4 months at 4 C , 12 hrs light, and watered as necessary. Subsequent re-vernalizations were of adult plants in 2 gallon pots. Plants trimmed and cleaned of debris prior to placing at 4 C with 12 hrs light and watered as necessary. Vernalization length was for a minimum of 4 months. Some accessions require 2 or more re-vernalizations for the entire population to flower. If bolted plants produced a good quantity of seed they were thrown out;only non-bolted plants were revernalized. If bolted plants didn't produce a good quantity of seed, all plants were saved and revernalized. Bolting 2 data is % of plants vernalized. Erysiphe Descriptor data collected from plants grown for seed increase in the greenhouse. Ratings for Erysiphe susceptibility were made based on natural infection. No inoculations were made. For an xlsx file of the evalaution data ">SUGARBEET.PULLMAN.2004-2007.GREENHOUSE	Ames 19168 92ncao01 SD	Not Available
PRODUCTION	Type of Beet	General growth type and/or use type	SUGAR - Used for sucrose production		For a Excel file(xlsx) of this data Beta vulgaris sp vulgaris TYPE evaluation 2016 Date: 12/28/2016 Every accession in the Beta vulgaris sp vulgaris collection (1,816 accessions) as of 12/28/2016 was given a TYPE designation based on previous evaluation data, passport data, information from the International Database for Beta (managed by the IPK, Germany) or other information found on the internet. In the accompanying Excel spreadsheet the source used to assign TYPE is given (data source 1 and data source 2). The following is information on the data sources: Table Beet evaluation 2013 - conducted at Central Ferry, WA by the Beta curator and technician. Evaluated 140 accessions previously designated as table beet. Images of plants, dug roots and cut roots were taken. USDA Release list - Panella L., Campbell, L.G., Eujayl, I.A., Lewellen, R.T., and McGrath, J.M. USDA-ARS Sugarbeet Releases and Breeding Over the Past 20 Years. Journal of Sugar Beet Research Vol. 52 Nos. 3 & 4, 7/28/2016. This article incorporates USDA-ARS sugarbeet releases listed in Doney’s 1995 paper. (Doney, D.L. 1995b. USDA-ARS sugarbeet releases. J. Sugar Beet Res.32:229-257.) Passport data - passport data (on the web () or in the Plant Inventory Books. For a small number of accessions, little pieces of information in the Plant Inventory Book were not entered into the database. Evaluation data - data from CGC(formerly known as CAC) funded evaluations and other studies. The year the evaluation(s) was conducted is listed. Topname - the topname is the primary name associated with the accession. If it was used to designate TYPE, it is a known cultivar name (eg Huntley Chard, Ohio Canner). Images - if images were used to help determine TYPE the year the image was taken is listed. All images are in GRIN-Global database I followed the TYPE classification as described by Lange et al in Taxonomy and cultonomy of Beet, 1999 (see below for definitions) with the exception that garden beets are called table beet. For some accessions, there was only enough information to come close to a TYPE assignment. For example, an accession has large swollen hypocotyls but there is no cultivar name or sucrose content data. We know it is not a leaf or table beet but don’t have enough information to determine if it is a fodder or sugar beet. Accessions with this kind of information were assigned the TYPE of other. There is a large group of accessions with no or little passport data and no or little evaluation data that indicated a TYPE. These accessions were given the TYPE of unknown. As more regenerations and evaluations are done with these accessions a TYPE will be assigned. In addition to the above TYPE designations an accessions was assigned the TYPE of wild if it was collected from a wild population or if in an evaluation it was determined it did not fit the definitions of the cultivated beets. Information on the data source(s) used and notes regarding TYPE are displayed in GRIN-Global concatenated under the column heading "Observation details" in the following format: Type notes(if present). data source 1; data source 2; data source 3. This project was undertaken because not all the Beta vulgaris sp vulgaris accessions in the collection had a TYPE designation. This was true even for recent sugar beet cultivars. The addition of a TYPE assignment for all the B.v. sp vulgaris accessions will aid in the management and utilization of the collection. It is acknowledged that assigning a TYPE based on passport information rather than evaluation data (data collected from the actual material in the collection) is not ideal. If discrepancies are found between this TYPE data and plants derived from actual material for an accession, the user community is encouraged to contact the NPGS Beta curator. From : LANGE, W., BRANDENBURG, W. A., & BOCK, T. S. D. (1999). Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 130(1), 81-96. Leaf beet group (includes chard-large mid-rib, spinach beet. swollen hypocotyls and/or roots are absent or small ). Garden beet group (dense swollen hypocotyls, used for vegetable, color can range from white to deep red) Fodder beet group (large hypocotyls and root, color doesn’t matter, used as fodder or forage) Sugar beet group (used for sugar extraction, swollen part mainly root tissue) ">SUGARBEET.TYPE.2016.HELLIER		Not Available