Details for: PI 611060, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, Swiss chard

Beta vulgaris sp vulgaris TYPE evaluation 2016 Date: 12/28/2016

Every accession in the Beta vulgaris sp vulgaris collection (1,816 accessions) as of 12/28/2016 was given a TYPE designation based on previous evaluation data, passport data, information from the International Database for Beta (managed by the IPK, Germany) or other information found on the internet. In the accompanying Excel spreadsheet the source used to assign TYPE is given (data source 1 and data source 2). The following is information on the data sources:

Table Beet evaluation 2013 - conducted at Central Ferry, WA by the Beta curator and technician. Evaluated 140 accessions previously designated as table beet. Images of plants, dug roots and cut roots were taken.

USDA Release list - Panella L., Campbell, L.G., Eujayl, I.A., Lewellen, R.T., and McGrath, J.M. USDA-ARS Sugarbeet Releases and Breeding Over the Past 20 Years. Journal of Sugar Beet Research Vol. 52 Nos. 3 & 4, 7/28/2016. This article incorporates USDA-ARS sugarbeet releases listed in Doney’s 1995 paper. (Doney, D.L. 1995b. USDA-ARS sugarbeet releases. J. Sugar Beet Res.32:229-257.)

Passport data - passport data (on the web () or in the Plant Inventory Books. For a small number of accessions, little pieces of information in the Plant Inventory Book were not entered into the database.

Evaluation data - data from CGC(formerly known as CAC) funded evaluations and other studies. The year the evaluation(s) was conducted is listed.

Topname - the topname is the primary name associated with the accession. If it was used to designate TYPE, it is a known cultivar name (eg Huntley Chard, Ohio Canner).

Images - if images were used to help determine TYPE the year the image was taken is listed. All images are in GRIN-Global database

I followed the TYPE classification as described by Lange et al in Taxonomy and cultonomy of Beet, 1999 (see below for definitions) with the exception that garden beets are called table beet. For some accessions, there was only enough information to come close to a TYPE assignment. For example, an accession has large swollen hypocotyls but there is no cultivar name or sucrose content data. We know it is not a leaf or table beet but don’t have enough information to determine if it is a fodder or sugar beet. Accessions with this kind of information were assigned the TYPE of other.

There is a large group of accessions with no or little passport data and no or little evaluation data that indicated a TYPE. These accessions were given the TYPE of unknown. As more regenerations and evaluations are done with these accessions a TYPE will be assigned.

In addition to the above TYPE designations an accessions was assigned the TYPE of wild if it was collected from a wild population or if in an evaluation it was determined it did not fit the definitions of the cultivated beets.

Information on the data source(s) used and notes regarding TYPE are displayed in GRIN-Global concatenated under the column heading "Observation details" in the following format: Type notes(if present). data source 1; data source 2; data source 3.

This project was undertaken because not all the Beta vulgaris sp vulgaris accessions in the collection had a TYPE designation. This was true even for recent sugar beet cultivars. The addition of a TYPE assignment for all the B.v. sp vulgaris accessions will aid in the management and utilization of the collection. It is acknowledged that assigning a TYPE based on passport information rather than evaluation data (data collected from the actual material in the collection) is not ideal. If discrepancies are found between this TYPE data and plants derived from actual material for an accession, the user community is encouraged to contact the NPGS Beta curator.

From : LANGE, W., BRANDENBURG, W. A., & BOCK, T. S. D. (1999). Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 130(1), 81-96.

Leaf beet group (includes chard-large mid-rib, spinach beet. swollen hypocotyls and/or roots are absent or small ).

Garden beet group (dense swollen hypocotyls, used for vegetable, color can range from white to deep red)

Fodder beet group (large hypocotyls and root, color doesn’t matter, used as fodder or forage) Sugar beet group (used for sugar extraction, swollen part mainly root tissue)