Narrative
Type = American Hybrid. Per T.V. Munson (see citation): "Growth rampant, exceedingly resistant to heat and drought, growing well in limy black soils. Clusters large, conical, with long peducle, rather open. Berries globular, large, black, with white bloom, persistent; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, very sprightly, acid unless well ripened, then quite agreeable; seeds rather large, easily leaving the pulp. Ripe about with Concord, which it resembles very much in cluster and berry. Does well in any soil, but valuable for black waxy lands of the South where few other varieties will grow. Ripens evenly and not given to cracking or dropping as is the Concord or Worden in the South. Ten to twelve feet. Long arm pruning." Per U.P. Hedrick (see citation): "Vigorous, clusters large, conical; berries globular, large, black; season with Concord." Per R.L. Chadha and G.S. Randhawa (see citation): "Vines medium in vigour. Leaves cordate, 3-lobed or entire, large, thin, rough; cob-webby above and felted below. Flowers hermaphrodite, stamens upright, anthers much higher than stigma. Bunches small, short, globular to short conical, neither shouldered nor winged, loose or well filled. Berries bluish black or purple, spherical or obovoid, small, size less variable; bloom thick, easily removable; apex truncate, adherence weak. Skin thick, slip skin type, tough, transparency very poor. Pulp tender, melting, leathery, foxy in flavour, veins prominant. Juice turbid, slightly acidic. Ripening late, not uniform. Ripening middle of March to end of March. T.S.S. 17-18%. Light cropper. Not susceptible to cracking. It is susceptible to downy mildew and rust and resistant to anthracnose, powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf-spot." Per P.Wagner (see citation): "Fruit is strongly foxy and worthless for wine. Yet the vine has remarkable characteristics; it is ultra-vigorous, accepts grafts easily, and survives in the South where most American hybrids quickly sicken and dies of root troubles."